Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is when a woman's ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40. This results in infertility and menopause-like symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and mood changes.
What causes POF? There are several potential causes:
- Genetic factors - POF can run in families. Genetic conditions like Turner syndrome or Fragile X syndrome can also lead to POF.
- Autoimmune disease - Up to 30% of POF cases are due to the immune system attacking the ovaries.
- Cancer treatment - Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can damage ovaries.
- Surgery - Ovary removal surgery or pelvic surgery can sometimes lead to POF.
- Infections - Viral infections like mumps may trigger POF in some women.
- Toxins - Environmental toxins and smoking can increase the risk.
How is POF diagnosed? Diagnosis involves:
- Medical history and physical exam
- Blood tests to measure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels - elevated FSH and low estradiol point to POF.
- Genetic testing or ovarian biopsy in some cases
What are the symptoms of POF? Symptoms include:
- Irregular or missed periods
- Hot flashes, night sweats
- Vaginal dryness
- Difficulty conceiving
- Loss of bone density
- Anxiety, depression
How is POF treated? Treatments focus on managing symptoms and preserving bone and heart health:
- Hormone therapy - Estrogen/progesterone pills or patches can help with menopause symptoms.
- Osteoporosis prevention - Bisphosphonates or calcium/vitamin D supplements to maintain bone density.
- Emotional support - Counseling or support groups to cope with the diagnosis.
- Donor eggs - Egg donation may be an option for some women who wish to get pregnant.
- Lifestyle changes - Exercise, healthy diet, stress management, and not smoking.
The earlier POF is diagnosed, the better the outcomes from treatment. If you think you may have POF based on irregular periods or menopause-like symptoms before age 40, see your doctor for evaluation as soon as possible. Specialized hormone clinics like
Renew Hormone Solutions can provide comprehensive POF treatment to help manage symptoms and preserve your long-term health. Their team of experts focuses specifically on complex hormone conditions in women. Schedule a consultation today to discuss your POF concerns and get personalized care.